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Why Do I Write -- Preface to "The Ages in Three Parts"
by Wang Xiaobo

A person asks a mountain climber why he climbs mountains. Everyone knows mountain climbing is dangerous. There's no practical benefit. The mountain climber answers, " Because the mountain is there." I like this answer because it contains a kind of humor: he clearly wants to climb mountains, but he says that the mountain is there to make the other guy's heart itch. Beside this, I also like what the mountain climber does. He climbs dangerous cliffs for no apparent reason. It makes for muscle aches, even has the risk of losing one's head. Therefore ordinary people do all they can to avoid climbing mountains. From the perspective of thermodynamics, it's a phenomenon that goes against entropy. Whatever seeks out harm and avoids rewards must act against entropy.

Now let us compare mountain climbing to writing, which is bound to invite objections from some. This is because in the recent decade, China had a novel boom, a poetry boom, and a culture boom. No matter which boom, each has led many people to throw themselves into writing. Others often see me as one of these people and warn me, "What era are you living in? Why are you writing novels (implying there's a business boom going on. I should get down and go into business)? " But my situation is not like this. When those three booms occured, I was studying in the United States and wasn't at all influenced. The instruction in our house was not to allow the kids to study the humanities, but to encourage all to study engineering and the sciences. Because of this, determining to write has been an anti-entropic process for me. Even now I don't understand why I do it, except for the fact that it is against entropy. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4974134.stm
I need to explain further how my resolution write is against entropy. Writing is a general word. We must also look at what one is writing. Writing best-sellers, romance novels, and other popular items should be considered as following entropy [and quite natural]. My writings are not at all popular. Not only do they not make me any money, sometimes they even cost me money. This is what the "serious" of "serious writer" means. From what I know, most serious writers in the world can't make ends meet even when they improvise. When explained like this, everyone realizes that I am really in a process that is against entropy.

My dad didn't allow us to study humanities in school. The reason was obvious. When we were growing up, Laose (the famous novelist) jumped in Lake Taiping, Hu Feng (the literary critic) was imprisoned, and Wang Shiwei (the writer of political tracts and translator of Marxist writings) was sentenced to death and shot. Before them, there was Jin Shengtan (the famous Qing dynasty scholar and critic) whose head was chopped off and other examples. Of course, my old man was also the kind to urge liquor in private while telling you publicly to drink water. He himself was a professor in the humanities, but he honestly acknowledged that his chosen profession was not right and shouldn't be taken as an example. Thus, among us children, five gave in and studied engineering and science, my older brother being the only exception. Considering my parents' quick temper and loud roars, you can say that such a choice was a pro-entropic process. But my older brother's exception happened like this: when taking the university entrance exam in 1978, he was the strongest young miner at Beijing's Mu Cheng Zhang coal mine. His roar was even louder than my dad's. My dad felt rather embarrassed hitting him or shouting at him, and so he allowed him to study philosophy: to become a graduate student studying with Shen Youding, an authority in the field of logic. Considering that symbolic logic is an extremely specialized field (a layman would not understand an article on logic), it was not that different from engineering or science. From what I have said, you can understand my dad's desire. He wished that each of us can study a specialty that laymen couldn't understand but which could still make a contribution to the wolrd, so that we can each live our lives in peace. My dad had a rough life and loved us above all things. He saw this kind of arrangement as the most natural.

My own situation was this. From childhood to adulthood, I've never been that physically strong. I couldn't shout loud enough. Thus I was always content with my lot. Despite this, I always felt the dangerous wish to write novels. When I was sent to work in the coutryside [during the Cultural Revolution], I ran across an atrocious guy (he was even our boss, one of the few bad leaders in our country). So I made up a story, describing how he was transformed into a donkey little by little, starting with his tailbone, and I wrote it down to vent some anger. Later I read some books and found that Kafka also wrote a similar story, which made me a little embarrassed. There was another story in which the female protagonist had the wings of a bat, had green hair, and lived under water. I burned all these works from twenty years ago. I mention them here to explain the source of my dangerous inclination. Later I always suppressed this inclination, finishing my undergraduate studies and going to the U.S. for graduate work. My older brother also obtained his Master's degree and went to the U.S. for graduate studies. I started writing novels again there. This dangerous inclination could no longer be suppressed.

My dad passed away while I was in the U.S. Reflecting on his request for us to study engineering and science, I felt it didn't fit with the logic of my experiences in the U.S. It reminded me of what former Marshal Tukhackevsky of the Soviet Union said to the great composer Shostakovich: "When I was little, I had a lot of musical talent. Unfortunately, my dad didn't have the money to buy me a violin! If I had that violin, I could be sitting in your orchestra now." This statement doesn't make sense at first and needs some explanation. It was made in the Soviet Union of the 1930s. Not long after making the statement, Marshal Tukhachevsky was executed. In those years, one specialized in executing marshals and general, very rarely executing violinists. But during the Cultural Revolution, there more writers and artists who committed suicide by jumping from buildings or hanging themselves. When my dad was still alive, he wholeheartedly wanted to give each of us a violin. This violin was choosing science, engineering, agriculture, or medicine. It didn't matter which one, only not the humanities. This wasn't the same as my experiences the U.S., but the conclusion was the same -- I should do something else and not write novels. http://www.flowerhornxport.com/facts.htm
One sentence can describe everything in America: "American's business is business." What this statement means is that business will always be hot in this country. Moreover, it will always be a one-thousand-degree white heat. Thus, you would be mistaken if you read the foregoing and thought that the atmosphere there would help one resolve to write. Even my older brother had regrets after arriving there and felt that he shouldn't have studied logic but instead should have studied business or computers. Even though he still wasn't able to prove it by logical theorems, when he saw the luxurious houses of the rich, he couldn't help but say a few words about his responsibility towards his wife and kids.

There is a strong force in America compelling people to make money. Let's say a house: some people have several hundred acres of lawn; some have several thousand. Therefore if one only had a place to live, one could develop the endless urge to make money. Or let's say a car: there are endless categories and prices. If you really had money, you could consider purchasing the car Kennedy was riding when he was assassinated to ride around. There are also people buying former Soviet fighter planes, piloting them around in the air. In that society, those who have no money have to suffer their kids telling their friends: "My dad is poor." If I had children, I would definitely still be there, making money. But writing is not a money-making profession there, either. If you don't believe me, you can go see for yourself in American bookstores. All kinds of books overflow the shelves, as many as the rows of toilet paper stocked at supermarkets. If someone is selling toilet paper, painstakingly written page by page, it can't be a good profession. Beside this, there remain many people whose books have yet to appear on the shelves, still nesting back at home. I don't have children and am not prepared to have any. As a Chinese person, I am a rare phenomenon. However, a person has a face, a tree has a bark. Others are all making money, but I am involved in this dubious business. I really wouldn't have a face to show my kids.

When I was in America, I was chatting with a Chinese professor once. He said his daughter was very successful. But she gave up a scholarship to study in a humanities department at Harvard to pay her own way to study at an average law school. He said going against the tide like this was certainly not worthy of a scholar family. In reality, this was giving up a small reward to seek a big one, suffering a small harm to avoid a big one. If you don't believe me, go ask how much money lawyers make and how much humanities scholars make. This professor I chatted with was very learned, very independent-minded. But when talking about his children, he seemed not very independent.


Having talked about America and the Soviet Union, I should say something about myself. At this point, I have written novels for eight years and have published a few books, but not too many have read them. Beside this, I also often receive jeering rejection letters for my manuscripts. When this happens, I always think benevolently: the person writing the letter must have gotten chewed out by his boss and using me to vent. If you ask people about Wang Xiaobo, I'm sure they will think of the guy who used to pull poles in Sichuan province during the Song dynasty. They won't think of me. I am still in the process of moving against entropy. I'll say this: The existence of humanity, the development of civilization is a anti-entropic process. But that's humanity. When talking about myself specifically, I still can't explain my actions. I'll add another point: I am definitely not the only person in the process of acting against entropy. In America, I met a guy who set up a table on the sidewalk to sell books by Trotsky, Guevara, Chairman Mao, and others. When I spoke to him, he first asked me if I'm afraid of the FBI. There are many other examples. In these people, you will not see the magnificent process of water flowing from high to low, apples falling downwards, wolves eating rabbits. The phenomenon you see is akin to water flowing uphill, apples flying into the sky, rabbits eating wolves. I can also say, following entropy is not enough. For instance, if everyone followed the natural course of sliding downwards, in the end, we will all certainly gather together in a place down below, crowded together like maggots in a septic tank. But this also cannot explain my actions. My actions cannot be explained, if you take the phenomenon of increasing entropy as an immutable principle.


Of course, if I am forced to use one straightforward sentence to answer this question, then it would be: I believe I have literary talent; I should do this. But this statement is just as unbelievable as that made by a suspect who says that he didn't kill anyone. So it's up to you to believe it or not.
concrete
ronaldo/ronaldinho/c.ronaldo/rooney/barrett/Ivoriandrogba/saha/stevie/heenry/zz
-venom
rainforest
N70 GTR
Ai weiwei (again) http://blog.sina.com.cn/m/aiweiwei
drop-sheet Australia has some thirty described species and sub-species of freshwater turtle and four monotypic genera. They naturally occur in all states excluding Tasmania! There are possibly many undiscovered species of turtle that have eluded the watchful eye of herpetologists due to the elusiveness and subtlety of these fascinating creatures.
The correct zoological classifications that apply to Australian freshwater turtles are Class -Reptilia, Order - Testudines, Sub-order - Pleurodire (all except the Pig-nosed turtle which is Cryptodire). Members of the sub-order - Pleurodire, or side necked turtles, did not evolve until the Cretaceous Period -some 135 million years ago. Reptiles in this sub-order are closely linked by the fact that their bodies are encased in a hard shell, they curl their heads back into the shell by horizontal movement and their pelvic girdle (Ref. Fig 1) is joined to the shell. Turtles are sometimes described as `living fossils' and in many respects this term is correct.
death-roll more fire http://www.judgementyard.org/
dark matter
kuyt ww.youtube.com/watch?v=J4YjmwCs6H0, http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=caaNbcE7scU
spiral galaxy warped as a result of colliding with another galaxy. After the other galaxy is completely absorbed, the distortion will disappear. The process typically takes millions of years.The earliest modern theory of the formation of our galaxy (known by astronomers as ELS, after the initials of the authors of that paper, Olin Eggen, Donald Lynden-Bell, and Allan Sandage[1]) describes a single (relatively) rapid monolithic collapse, with the halo forming first, followed by the disk. Another view published in 1978 (known as SZ for its authors, Leonard Searle and Robert Zinn[2]) describes a more gradual process, with smaller units collapsing first, then later merging to form the larger components. An even more recent idea is that significant portions of the stellar halo could be stellar debris from destroyed dwarf galaxies and globular clusters that once orbited the Milky Way. The halo would then be a "new"er component made of "recycled" old parts!In recent years, a great deal of focus has been put on understanding merger events in the evolution of galaxies. Rapid technological progress in computers have allowed much better simulations of galaxies, and improved observational technologies have provided much more data about distant galaxies undergoing merger events. After the discovery in 1994 that our own Milky Way has a satellite galaxy (the Sagittarius Dwarf Elliptical Galaxy, or SagDEG) which is currently gradually being ripped up and "eaten" by the Milky Way, it is thought these kinds of events may be quite common in the evolution of large galaxies. The Magellanic Clouds are satellite galaxies of the Milky Way that will almost certainly share the same fate as the SagDEG. Amerger with a fairly large satellite galaxy could explain whyM31 the Andromeda Galaxy) appears to have adoubble core.
pro-change
etto
kaka


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